# 현상기록

Published: November 14, 2024

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<summary>Working Chemical Dilutions & Stock Life</summary>
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| Developer | Working Dilution | Stock Life | Notes |
|:----------|:----------------|:------------|:-------|
| D-76      | 1:1             | 6 months   | Life improves in full bottles |
| HC-110    | Dilution B (1:31)| 2+ years  | Syrupy concentrate very stable |
|           | Dilution E (1:47)| 2+ years  | For lower contrast |
|           | Dilution H (1:63)| 2+ years  | For stand development |
| XTOL      | Stock            | 2-3 months | Sudden death - test before critical use |
|           | 1:1              | 2-3 months | More economical |
| Rodinal   | 1:25             | Decades   | High acutance, pronounced grain |
|           | 1:50             | Decades   | Standard development |
| DD-X      | 1:4              | 6 months  | Professional choice, fine grain |
| Microphen | Stock            | 6 months  | Best for push processing |
|           | 1:1              | 6 months  | Normal development |
| Pyrocat-HD| 1:1:100          | 1 year (A), 6 months (B) | Excellent for alternative processes |
| ID-11     | Stock            | 6 months  | Similar to D-76 |
|           | 1:1              | 6 months  | Economy option |
| Perceptol | Stock            | 4 months  | Ultra-fine grain |
|           | 1:1              | 4 months  | Extended development |

**Notes:**
- Storage life assumes proper storage conditions: cool, dark place in full, tightly sealed bottles
- Stock solution life assumes unopened or well-preserved (e.g., with glass marbles or inert gas)
- High temperature and oxidation significantly reduce storage life
- All working solutions should be used immediately after mixing
- Always test old solutions with non-critical film first
- Storage life estimates are conservative; actual life may be longer under ideal conditions

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<details class="custom-details">
<summary>Rodinal Development Times for Common Film Stocks (20°C/68°F)</summary>
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| Film Stock | ISO/ASA | Dilution | Development Time | Notes |
|:------------|:---------|:----------|:------------------|:-------|
| Tri-X      | 400     | 1:50     | 11 minutes       | Standard contrast |
| HP5+       | 400     | 1:50     | 11 minutes       | Normal agitation |
| FP4+       | 125     | 1:50     | 9 minutes        | Standard contrast |
| T-Max 400  | 400     | 1:50     | 12 minutes       | Continuous agitation first minute |
| Delta 400  | 400     | 1:50     | 12 minutes       | Gentle agitation |
| Pan F+     | 50      | 1:50     | 8 minutes        | Fine grain |
| APX 100    | 100     | 1:50     | 9 minutes        | Sharp negatives |
| Fomapan 400| 400     | 1:50     | 10 minutes       | Economy option |

**Notes:**
- All times assume standard agitation (5 inversions initial, then 2 inversions every minute)
- Stand development (1:100) typically requires 60 minutes with minimal agitation
- Times may need adjustment based on desired contrast and personal workflow
- Temperature should be maintained throughout development

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# Troubleshooting Common Development Issues

## Uneven Development
- **Streaks or bands across the film**
  - *Cause*: Insufficient or uneven agitation
  - *Solution*: Maintain consistent agitation pattern; ensure inversions are complete and gentle
  
- **Edge-to-edge density variations**
  - *Cause*: Temperature variations or insufficient chemical volume
  - *Solution*: Use at least 250ml per roll of 35mm, 500ml for 120; pre-soak film to normalize temperature

- **Blotchy or mottled negatives**
  - *Cause*: Developer exhaustion or uneven agitation during stand development
  - *Solution*: Use fresh chemicals; ensure minimal vibration during stand development

## Density Issues

- **Negatives too dense (too dark)**
  - *Causes*:
    - Over-development
    - Temperature too high
    - Film overexposed
  - *Solutions*:
    - Check thermometer calibration
    - Reduce development time by 10-15%
    - Consider using more dilute developer

- **Negatives too thin (too light)**
  - *Causes*:
    - Under-development
    - Developer exhaustion
    - Temperature too low
    - Film underexposed
  - *Solutions*:
    - Use fresh developer
    - Increase development time by 10-15%
    - Check thermometer calibration

## Grain and Sharpness

- **Excessive grain**
  - *Causes*:
    - Over-development
    - Temperature too high
    - Excessive agitation
  - *Solutions*:
    - Use less aggressive agitation
    - Consider more dilute developer
    - Switch to fine-grain developer like Perceptol

- **Lack of sharpness**
  - *Causes*:
    - Under-development
    - Insufficient agitation
    - Developer too dilute
  - *Solutions*:
    - Increase agitation frequency
    - Use more concentrated developer
    - Consider developer known for acutance (like Rodinal)

## Chemical Issues

- **Developer suddenly stops working**
  - *Causes*:
    - Oxidation
    - Contamination
    - "Sudden death" (especially with XTOL)
  - *Solutions*:
    - Mix fresh chemicals
    - Use distilled water
    - Test developer with scrap film before critical work

- **Color staining**
  - *Causes*:
    - Insufficient fixing
    - Developer oxidation
    - Contaminated stop bath
  - *Solutions*:
    - Extend fixing time
    - Use fresh chemicals
    - Two-bath fix for important work

## Processing Defects

- **Physical damage marks**
  - *Causes*:
    - Rough handling
    - Crimped film in reel
    - Scratched emulsion
  - *Solutions*:
    - Practice loading technique
    - Check reels for damage
    - Handle film only by edges

- **Air bells or blank spots**
  - *Causes*:
    - Air trapped during development
    - Insufficient wetting
    - Contamination on film
  - *Solutions*:
    - Tap tank after initial agitation
    - Use pre-soak with Photo-Flo
    - Clean reels thoroughly between uses

## Prevention Tips
- Always mix fresh chemicals for important work
- Keep detailed development logs
- Use thermometer calibration reference
- Maintain consistent agitation patterns
- Pre-soak film when temperature control is critical
- Use enough chemistry (minimum volumes)
- Check equipment regularly for damage
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필름 현상은 예술이자 과학입니다. 흩어진 자원들 - 희석 계산기, 현상 차트, 그리고 다양한 타이밍 도구들 - 사이에서 몇 년간의 노력 끝에, 저는 흑백 필름 현상을 위해 특별히 맞춤화된 포괄적인 솔루션을 만들었습니다. 이 계산기는 암실에서 일관되고 반복 가능한 결과를 얻기 위해 필요한 필수 도구들을 결합합니다.

위의 계산기는 정확한 화학 혼합물과 타이밍을 결정하는 데 도움을 주며, 위의 참조 표들은 다양한 현액과 그 특성을 이해하기 위한 기초를 제공합니다. 당신이 막 시작하는 단계이든, 숙련된 암실 인화사이든, 신뢰할 수 있는 정보와 도구를 한곳에서 갖는 것은 현상 과정을 더 일관되고 즐겁게 만들 수 있습니다.

저는 다소 곤조 현상 방식을 선호한다는 점을 기억해 주세요. 이 시간과 희석 비율은 완벽하게 정확하지 않을 수 있으며, 실제 결과는 다를 수 있습니다.